{"id":147829,"date":"2025-05-17T13:00:27","date_gmt":"2025-05-17T10:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/?p=147829"},"modified":"2025-05-16T17:02:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T14:02:15","slug":"trollii-online-recunoastere-si-protectie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/ro\/trollii-online-recunoastere-si-protectie\/","title":{"rendered":"Trollii de pe internet \u2013 ce fac, cum s\u0103-i recuno\u0219ti \u0219i s\u0103 nu le cazi \u00een plas\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un troll nu caut\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri, nu caut\u0103 adev\u0103rul, ci vrea s\u0103 manipuleze \u0219i s\u0103 dezinformeze opinia public\u0103. El provoac\u0103 deliberat conflicte, posteaz\u0103 comentarii provocatoare, agresive sau absurde pentru propriul amuzament sau pentru a destabiliza comunit\u0103\u021bi. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 trollii care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 singuri, exist\u0103 \u0219i \u201eferme de trolli\u201d, care reprezint\u0103 grupuri organizate specializate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea activit\u0103\u021bilor de propagand\u0103 \u0219i dezinformare pe internet. Trollii pot fi enervan\u021bi, dar nu trebuie s\u0103 le permi\u021bi s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi strice experien\u021ba online. Recunoa\u0219terea tacticilor lor \u0219i evitarea interac\u021biunii directe sunt cele mai eficiente metode de a-i combate. \u00cen acest articol \u00ee\u021bi explic\u0103m<\/a> cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la modul practic \u0219i ce riscuri prezint\u0103 trollii.<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201eO mam\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i poate \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219a copiii, ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103? Criminalii recidivi\u0219ti sunt elibera\u021bi, dar oamenii ale\u0219i legal sunt b\u0103ga\u021bi la pu\u0219c\u0103rie\u201d; \u201e\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 Gu\u021bul a fost \u00eenchis\u0103, ea este \u00een continuare ba\u0219cana noastr\u0103 a G\u0103g\u0103uziei \u0219i mam\u0103 a 2 copii\u201d; \u201eCa mam\u0103, ca lider, ca simbol al luptei pentru dreptate, ea merit\u0103 libertate, nu o celul\u0103 de \u00eenchisoare\u201d<\/span> – sunt c\u00e2teva dintre zecile de reac\u021bii \u00een limba rus\u0103 la postarea <\/span>\u201eBa\u0219cana G\u0103g\u0103uziei Evghenia Gu\u021bul r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een arest preventiv \u00een penitenciarul nr.13, dar sora ei sper\u0103 c\u0103 va fi eliberat\u0103 cur\u00e2nd\u201d, <\/span>distribuit\u0103<\/span><\/a> pe Facebook de redac\u021bia NewsMaker.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comentariile emotive care au invadat postarea despre men\u021binerea \u00een arest preventiv a ba\u0219canei G\u0103g\u0103uziei par s\u0103 nu fie autentice. De\u0219i majoritatea mesajelor sunt scrise \u00een limba rus\u0103 \u0219i o sus\u021bin cu \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rare pe Gu\u021bul, un detaliu curios iese \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103: multe dintre conturile din spatele acestor comentarii au fost create recent, cu poze generice \u0219i nume rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Aceast\u0103 discrepan\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre numele de profil \u0219i limba \u00een care sunt scrise comentariile, precum \u0219i faptul c\u0103 respectivele conturi sunt proasp\u0103t create, indic\u0103 o posibil\u0103 activitate coordonat\u0103, specific\u0103 conturilor de tip <\/span>troll<\/span><\/i>, care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 creeze impresia unei sus\u021bineri populare masive, repet\u00e2nd acelea\u0219i mesaje emo\u021bionale, bine calibrate pentru a st\u00e2rni reac\u021bii. Astfel de practici sunt frecvent utilizate de trolli pentru manipularea percep\u021biei publice, mai ales \u00een contexte politice sensibile.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potrivit <\/b>unui document NATO<\/b><\/a> din 2020, un <\/b>troll <\/i><\/b>este o persoan\u0103 care se folose\u0219te de o identitate fals\u0103, dar care d\u0103 senza\u021bia de autenticitate pe re\u021belele sociale pentru a posta comentarii provocatoare, jignitoare sau absurde cu scopul de a st\u00e2rni reac\u021bii negative \u0219i de a crea conflicte \u00een mediul online. Totodat\u0103, <\/b>\u201efermele de trolli\u201d <\/i><\/b>este definit\u0103 ca o entitate care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bi de propagand\u0103 \u0219i de dezinformare pe internet, pentru a influen\u021ba opinia public\u0103. Acestea pot fi folosite \u00een scopuri politice, economice sau sociale \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 sub acoperirea unor denumiri neutre, precum \u201eagen\u021bii de rela\u021bii publice\u201d sau \u201ecentre de cercetare online\u201d. Potrivit informa\u021biilor NATO, fabricile de trolli au ap\u0103rut \u00een 2015, imediat dup\u0103 anexarea Crimeei de c\u0103tre Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103. Circa 300 de persoane ar fi fost angajate la prima \u201eferm\u0103 de trolli\u201d<\/b> descoperit\u0103 la Sankt Petersburg \u0219i care era administrat\u0103 de oligarhul \u0219i mercenarul Evgheni Prigojin.<\/b><\/p>\n

Cum recuno\u0219ti un troll \u0219i care este scopul \u201eactivit\u0103\u021bii\u201d lui?<\/b><\/p>\n

Unii trolli urm\u0103resc s\u0103 provoace, s\u0103 enerveze sau s\u0103 atrag\u0103 reac\u021bii emo\u021bionale puternice de la al\u021bi utilizatori. Al\u021bii \u00eens\u0103 au drept scop manipularea \u0219i dezinformarea opiniei publice, prin distribuirea \u0219tirilor false sau informa\u021biilor neadev\u0103rate. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, mul\u021bi trollii sunt persoane care caut\u0103 aten\u021bie sau care \u00ee\u0219i descarc\u0103 frustr\u0103rile \u00een mediul online.<\/span> De obicei, trollii nu sunt interesa\u021bi de un dialog real sau constructiv, ci au drept scop s\u0103 atrag\u0103 aten\u021bia sau s\u0103 manipuleze emo\u021biile celorlal\u021bi. Recunoa\u0219terea unui troll implic\u0103 identificarea unor comportamente tipice, cum ar fi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Au mesaje provocatoare<\/b>. Trollii posteaz\u0103 adesea pe re\u021bele de sociale, bloguri \u0219i alte forumuri online comentarii incendiare, opinii extreme sau insult\u0103toare pentru a enerva ceilal\u021bi utilizatori. Ei se concentreaz\u0103 pe subiecte \u00eenc\u0103rcate emo\u021bional, precum politica sau aspectele identitare.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lipsesc\u00a0 argumentele logice<\/b>. \u00cen scopul de a manipula \u0219i dezinforma, trollii vor folosi insulte, atacuri personale sau generaliz\u0103ri f\u0103r\u0103 a aduce dovezi solide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schimb\u0103 subiectul \u0219i posteaz\u0103 repetitiv<\/b>. De multe ori, trollii deturneaz\u0103 conversa\u021biile prin mesaje care nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu subiectul. Ei revin constant cu acelea\u0219i idei, indiferent de contraargumente. La fel, ei r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc meme-uri, dezinform\u0103ri \u0219i link-uri \u00een\u0219el\u0103toare pentru a amplifica anumite mesaje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nu au o identitate real\u0103. <\/b>De obicei, trollii se ascund sub pseudonime pentru a evita consecin\u021bele. De asemenea, folosesc conturi anonime sau false.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eFermele de trolli\u201d: ce sunt \u0219i cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?<\/b><\/p>\n

Al\u0103turi de trolli, \u00een mediul online func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i \u201eferme de trolli\u201d, care \u00een ultimul deceniu au devenit o adev\u0103rat\u0103 unealt\u0103 de influen\u021b\u0103 digital\u0103, folosit\u0103 de organiza\u021bii \u0219i entit\u0103\u021bi cu interese politice, economice sau sociale pentru a manipula opinia public\u0103. Aceste structuri opereaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 centralizat, iar mesajele transmise \u0219i temele abordate sunt dirijate. \u201eFermele de trolli\u201d gestioneaz\u0103 numeroase conturi fictive, menite s\u0103 creeze impresia unei sus\u021bineri larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite sau a unei opozi\u021bii puternice fa\u021b\u0103 de anumite idei, evenimente sau persoane publice. Ele genereaz\u0103 rapid volume mari de materiale, incluz\u00e2nd deseori meme-uri, informa\u021bii eronate sau linkuri capcan\u0103, cu scopul de a atrage aten\u021bia \u0219i de a amplifica anumite nara\u021biuni, precum \u0219i de a exploata emo\u021bii puternice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un exemplu notoriu de \u201eferm\u0103 de trolli\u201d este <\/span>Agen\u021bia de Cercetare pe Internet (IRA)<\/b>, o organiza\u021bie rus\u0103 <\/span>implicat\u0103 \u00een campanii de dezinformare<\/span><\/a> la scar\u0103 global\u0103. Aceasta a fost acuzat\u0103 c\u0103 a influen\u021bat alegeri, a creat diviziuni sociale \u0219i a promovat nara\u021biuni favorabile anumitor guverne sau grupuri de interese. Organiza\u021bia ruseasc\u0103 a fost investigat\u0103 \u00een SUA pentru eforturile sale ample de a interveni \u00een alegerile preziden\u021biale americane din 2016. \u00cen 2018, Departamentul de Justi\u021bie al SUA <\/span>a pus sub acuzare<\/span><\/a> 13 cet\u0103\u021beni ru\u0219i \u0219i trei entit\u0103\u021bi, inclusiv IRA, pentru conspira\u021bie \u00een vederea ingerin\u021bei \u00een alegeri. De\u0219i inculpa\u021bii nu au fost extr\u0103da\u021bi sau condamna\u021bi \u00een SUA, cazul a atras o aten\u021bie semnificativ\u0103 asupra utiliz\u0103rii \u201efermelor de trolli\u201d \u00een alegeri.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen Republica Moldova, fenomenul \u201efermelor de trolli\u201d este asociat cu numele oligarhului fugar Vladimir Plahotniuc \u0219i al Partidului Democrat din Moldova (PDM). \u00cen lupta cu minciunile \u0219i manipul\u0103rile lansate prin intermediul platformelor online pentru promovarea lui Plahotniuc \u0219i PDM, \u00een 2018 a fost lansat\u0103 campania <\/span>\u201eAdopt\u0103 un trol\u201d<\/b><\/a>. Autorii \u0219i-au propus atunci s\u0103 colecteze bani pentru a pl\u0103ti persoane care s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 despre \u201efermele de trolli\u201d din Moldova. \u00cen iulie 2021, ofi\u021berii Serviciului de Informa\u021bii \u0219i Securitate (SIS) <\/span>au deconspirat<\/span><\/a> o \u201eferm\u0103 de trolli\u201d, \u00eentre\u021binut\u0103 financiar de controversatul om de afaceri Veaceslav Platon. Trollii \u00eei sp\u0103lau imaginea lui Platon pe Facebook, dar \u0219i participau activ la denigrarea concuren\u021bilor electorali ai acestuia. Descoperirea a avut loc \u00een cadrul unor perchezi\u021bii privind schema de filaj a magistratei Cur\u021bii de Apel Chi\u0219in\u0103u, Angela Bostan. De\u0219i nu se cunoa\u0219te dac\u0103 oficial exist\u0103 cazuri documentate despre ferme de trolli ale partidelor politice din R. Moldova, jurnali\u0219tii de investiga\u021bie au identificat \u0219i armate de trolli ale fostului Partid \u0218or \u0219i PSRM. Spre exemplu, \u00een 2022, TV8 <\/span>a ar\u0103tat<\/span><\/a> \u00eentr-o investiga\u021bie cum profiluri false, grupuri de Facebook \u0219i canale de Telegram conectate la PSRM au lansat o opera\u021biune propagandistic\u0103 de sus\u021binere a agresiunii ruse \u00een Ucraina.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cum s\u0103 nu le cazi \u00een plas\u0103?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Pentru a nu \u00ee\u021bi strica experien\u021ba online \u0219i a nu c\u0103dea \u00een plas\u0103 trollilor, este bine s\u0103 \u021bii cont de urm\u0103toarele recomand\u0103ri:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Impactul trollilor asupra societ\u0103\u021bii<\/b><\/p>\n

Prin ac\u021biuni concertate, <\/span>trollii pot submina democra\u021bia<\/b>. Ace\u0219tia pot influen\u021ba \u00een mod semnificativ procesele democratice, cum ar fi alegerile sau referendumurile, prin manipularea opiniei publice \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea dezinform\u0103rii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trollii mai pot contribui la <\/span>polarizarea \u0219i radicalizarea societ\u0103\u021bii,<\/b> la cre\u0219terea urii \u0219i a ne\u00eencrederii \u00eentre diferitele grupuri ale popula\u021biei, aliment\u00e2nd conflicte sociale \u0219i politice. Acest lucru poate provoca instabilitate social\u0103 \u0219i poate perturba coeziunea social\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Informa\u021biile false r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite de trolli pot duce la decizii gre\u0219ite, panic\u0103 nejustificat\u0103 sau <\/span>sc\u0103derea \u00eencrederii \u00een sursele oficiale<\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trollii pot avea drept \u021binte persoane care exprim\u0103 opinii contrare lor. Acestea din urm\u0103 pot deveni victime ale campaniilor de <\/span>h\u0103r\u021buire \u0219i intimidare<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recunoa\u0219terea tacticilor trollilor \u0219i evitarea interac\u021biunii directe sunt cele mai eficiente metode pentru a-i combate.<\/b> Iar atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de \u201efermele de trolli\u201d, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 verifici sursele informa\u021biilor, s\u0103 nu cazi \u00een capcana manipul\u0103rii \u0219i s\u0103 promovezi un mediu online mai curat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Victoria Borodin<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438:\u00a0<\/strong>Telegram<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>YouTube<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Facebook<\/em><\/a>\u00a0\u0438<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Instagram<\/em><\/a>. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e!<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un troll nu caut\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri, nu caut\u0103 adev\u0103rul, ci vrea s\u0103 manipuleze \u0219i s\u0103 dezinformeze opinia public\u0103. El provoac\u0103 deliberat conflicte, posteaz\u0103 comentarii provocatoare, agresive sau absurde pentru propriul amuzament sau pentru a destabiliza comunit\u0103\u021bi. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 trollii care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 singuri, exist\u0103 \u0219i \u201eferme de trolli\u201d, care reprezint\u0103 grupuri organizate specializate \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea activit\u0103\u021bilor de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":147837,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[573,198],"tags":[2059,3007],"class_list":["post-147829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-esenta","category-social","tag-dezinformare-ro","tag-retele-sociale"],"yoast_head":"\nTrollii online: cum \u00eei recuno\u0219ti \u0219i cum s\u0103 te fere\u0219ti de manipulare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Afl\u0103 ce sunt trollii online, cum ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 fermele de trolli \u0219i ce metode po\u021bi folosi pentru a nu c\u0103dea \u00een plasa manipul\u0103rilor \u0219i dezinform\u0103rii de 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