{"id":163035,"date":"2025-10-11T15:00:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/?p=163035"},"modified":"2025-10-11T14:37:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T11:37:28","slug":"avertizorii-de-integritate-in-republica-moldova-progrese-modeste-dupa-sapte-ani-de-aplicare-a-legii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/ro\/avertizorii-de-integritate-in-republica-moldova-progrese-modeste-dupa-sapte-ani-de-aplicare-a-legii\/","title":{"rendered":"Avertizorii de integritate \u00een Republica Moldova: Progrese modeste dup\u0103 \u0219apte ani de aplicare a legii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Republica Moldova a adoptat, \u00een 2018, un cadru legislativ dedicat avertizorilor de integritate, conceput pentru a le oferi angaja\u021bilor din sectorul public \u0219i privat posibilitatea de a raporta, \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103, corup\u021bia, abuzurile sau alte practici care pun \u00een pericol interesul public. De\u0219i legea a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 ulterior, prin modific\u0103rile din 2023, bilan\u021bul celor \u0219apte ani arat\u0103 c\u0103 num\u0103rul dezv\u0103luirilor este redus, iar peste jum\u0103tate din sesiz\u0103rile depuse au fost respinse. Speciali\u0219tii \u00een drepturile omului \u0219i anticorup\u021bie explic\u0103 aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie prin teama avertizorilor poten\u021biali de a fi supu\u0219i represaliilor, lipsa \u00eencrederii \u00een m\u0103surile de protec\u021bie oferite de institu\u021biile statului, dar \u0219i interpretarea eronat\u0103 a legii.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

23 de sesiz\u0103ri \u00een 7 ani. Peste jum\u0103tate din cazuri, respinse\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2019, Centrul Na\u021bional Anticorup\u021bie (CNA) a \u00eenregistrat 23 de cazuri de avertiz\u0103ri de integritate. Datele oferite de CNA arat\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een urma examin\u0103rii sesiz\u0103rilor, 7 cazuri au fost transmise altor institu\u021bii competente pentru a fi analizate \u0219i solu\u021bionate conform atribu\u021biilor legale, \u00een 15 situa\u021bii nu au fost confirmate \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri, iar un caz este \u00een proces de examinare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103, Oficiul Avocatului Poporului, institu\u021bia care asigur\u0103 protec\u021bia avertizorilor de integritate, a fost sesizat de peste 35 de persoane care au solicitat acordarea m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie. O parte din solicit\u0103ri au fost respinse, iar Avocatul Poporului, Ceslav Panico<\/strong>, a explicat c\u0103 motivele \u021bin de diverse impedimente de ordin legal sau institu\u021bional.<\/p>\n

\u201eDe-a lungul anilor, \u00een procesul examin\u0103rii cererilor prin care se solicit\u0103 acordarea protec\u021biei, au fost identificate mai multe impedimente de ordin institu\u021bional, legal sau interpret\u0103ri eronate versus mandatul Avocatului Poporului pe segmentul Legii nr.165. Aceste circumstan\u021be, \u00een ansamblu, nu permit institu\u021biei s\u0103 intervin\u0103 \u00een toate cazurile c\u00e2nd se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 cereri de protec\u021bie. Prin urmare, multe cereri se resping, iar persoana percepe deciziile de \u00eencetare sau de respingere ca o eventual\u0103 lips\u0103 de reac\u021bie a institu\u021biei\u201d, spune Ceslav Panico \u00eentr-un comentariu pentru Asocia\u021bia Presei Independente (API).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Potrivit expertei anticorup\u021bie de la Centrul de Analiz\u0103 \u0219i Prevenire a Corup\u021biei (CAPC), Lilia Ioni\u021b\u0103<\/strong>, mecanismul avertizorilor de integritate este utilizat insuficient, iar num\u0103rul de sesiz\u0103ri r\u0103m\u00e2ne mult prea mic.<\/p>\n

\u201eVolumul de sesiz\u0103ri este foarte redus pentru o perioad\u0103 de peste \u0219ase ani, cu doar c\u00e2teva cazuri anual \u0219i cu un procent semnificativ de cereri respinse sau restituite. Asta arat\u0103 c\u0103 mecanismul avertizorilor este utilizat modest, iar raportarea \u00eenc\u0103 este timid\u0103. \u00cen plus, cifrele prezentate sunt strict numerice, seci \u0219i nu includ informa\u021bii despre finalitatea examin\u0103rii, despre cum au fost remediate \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rile de lege raportate sau despre cazuri concrete de succes. Lipsa unor astfel de istorii, at\u00e2t privind rezolvarea \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i protec\u021bia efectiv\u0103 a persoanelor, descurajeaz\u0103 raportarea \u0219i reduce credibilitatea mecanismului\u201d, a declarat Lilia Ioni\u021b\u0103 pentru API.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201eLegea nu este pe deplin \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 nici de poten\u021bialii avertizori, nici de autorit\u0103\u021bile chemate s-o aplice\u201d<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Experta atrage aten\u021bia asupra unor caren\u021be majore \u00een aplicarea legii privind avertizorii de integritate, subliniind at\u00e2t lipsa de informare a publicului \u0219i a autorit\u0103\u021bilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i insuficien\u021ba m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, multe sesiz\u0103ri nu \u00eentrunesc condi\u021biile obligatorii, ceea ce reflect\u0103 fie necunoa\u0219terea procedurii de c\u0103tre cei care raporteaz\u0103, fie o abordare prea birocratic\u0103 a autorit\u0103\u021bilor. Legea 165\/2023<\/a> nu este pe deplin \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 nici de poten\u021bialii avertizori, nici de autorit\u0103\u021bile chemate s-o aplice. Nu au fost desf\u0103\u0219urate campanii complexe de informare, iar multe institu\u021bii publice nu \u0219i-au revizuit politicile \u0219i procedurile interne pentru a facilita raportarea \u0219i protec\u021bia avertizorilor. \u00cen cazurile acceptate, nu se ofer\u0103 suficiente informa\u021bii despre rezultatul final al examin\u0103rii, despre ce \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri au fost remediate \u0219i \u00een ce domenii se fac cele mai multe dezv\u0103luiri, de\u0219i aceste aspecte ar permite identificarea sectoarelor vulnerabile. Nivelul de protec\u021bie asigurat de legisla\u021bie, de\u0219i adecvat pe h\u00e2rtie, r\u0103m\u00e2ne insuficient \u00een practic\u0103, \u00een lipsa unor exemple clare de persoane protejate efectiv \u0219i repuse \u00een drepturi dup\u0103 tentative de represalii\u201d, sus\u021bine Lilia Ioni\u021b\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La r\u00e2ndul lui, Avocatul Poporului, recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 institu\u021bia pe care o conduce are competen\u021be limitate \u0219i resurse insuficiente pentru a asigura protec\u021bia efectiv\u0103 a avertizorilor de integritate.<\/p>\n

\u201e<\/em>Institu\u021bia nu este responsabil\u0103 de examinarea dezv\u0103luirilor de \u00eenc\u0103lcare a legii efectuate prin intermediul diverselor canale (externe, publice), ci doar de acordarea m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie dac\u0103 se \u00eentrunesc cumulativ anumite circumstan\u021be. Mai mult, atribu\u021biile Avocatului Poporului privind asigurarea protec\u021biei avertizorilor sunt expuse \u00een\u00a0 art. 24 a Legii nr. 165 foarte vag, nefiind clar ce m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie pot fi oferite sau care ac\u021biuni pot fi interpretate ca m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie \u0219i care nu. \u00cen cadrul Oficiul Avocatului Poporului nu a fost creat\u0103 o direc\u021bie sau subdiviziune separat\u0103 cu personal dedicat exclusiv examin\u0103rii cererilor de protec\u021bie a avertizorilor de integritate. Motivul este c\u0103 institu\u021bia nu are suficient personal pentru a reprezenta avertizorii de integritate \u00een instan\u021bele de judecat\u0103, precum \u0219i \u00een alte autorit\u0103\u021bi publice, \u00een vederea ap\u0103r\u0103rii drepturilor lor legitime\u201d, spune Ceslav Panico.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ombudsmanul mai spune c\u0103 statutul de avertizor poate fi retras de CNA, ceea ce face imposibil\u0103 continuarea m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie, \u0219i c\u0103 nu toate institu\u021biile publice au creat mecanisme interne de protec\u021bie, iar mul\u021bi angaja\u021bi nu cunosc canalele de raportare.<\/p>\n

Cine \u0219i \u00een ce condi\u021bii poate deveni avertizor de integritate<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u00cen Republica Moldova, orice angajat sau fost angajat (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12 luni dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea raportului de munc\u0103), stagiar, voluntar ori colaborator poate solicita statutul de avertizor de integritate. Sesiz\u0103rile privind practici ilegale pot fi depuse la CNA, prin linia na\u021bional\u0103 anticorup\u021bie 0 800 55555<\/strong>, la oficiul central sau birourile teritoriale. Dup\u0103 completarea formularului, solicitantul prime\u0219te un document care confirm\u0103 statutul, iar informa\u021biile furnizate sunt tratate confiden\u021bial. CNA are la dispozi\u021bie 30 de zile pentru a verifica dezv\u0103luirea, iar \u00een lipsa probelor statutul este retras.<\/p>\n

Cadrul legal a fost actualizat \u00een ultimii ani, pentru a extinde categoria persoanelor eligibile \u0219i tipurile de ilegalit\u0103\u021bi raportabile. Astfel, legea prevede trei modalit\u0103\u021bi de raportare: intern\u0103, extern\u0103 \u0219i public\u0103. Angajatorii au obliga\u021bia s\u0103 instituie mecanisme interne, CNA gestioneaz\u0103 raport\u0103rile externe, iar protec\u021bia avertizorilor revine angajatorului, \u00een caz de raportare intern\u0103, sau Avocatului Poporului, \u00een caz de raportare extern\u0103 \u0219i public\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cum sunt proteja\u021bi avertizorii de integritate \u0219i de ce sunt importante raport\u0103rile?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Protec\u021bia avertizorilor de integritate se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul dezv\u0103luirii. \u00cen cazul celor interne, aceasta este asigurat\u0103 de angajator, iar pentru dezv\u0103luirile externe \u0219i publice, protec\u021bia se acord\u0103 prin Oficiul Avocatului Poporului, la cererea persoanei.<\/p>\n

Conform legii actualizate, Avocatul Poporului prime\u0219te \u0219i analizeaz\u0103 cererile de protec\u021bie, reprezint\u0103 avertizorii \u00een instan\u021bele de judecat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een fa\u021ba altor autorit\u0103\u021bi publice pentru ap\u0103rarea drepturilor lor, \u0219i \u00eentreprinde alte m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie adaptate competen\u021belor legale.<\/p>\n

Experta anticorup\u021bie Lilia Ioni\u021b\u0103 subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 raportarea neregulilor este vital\u0103 pentru integritatea institu\u021biilor \u0219i pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea democratic\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t poate preveni \u0219i corecta probleme fundamentale.<\/p>\n

\u201eAvertizorii pot anticipa \u0219i evita consecin\u021be grave \u00een domenii esen\u021biale precum mediul, s\u0103n\u0103tatea public\u0103, securitatea na\u021bional\u0103, dar \u0219i \u00een domenii sensibile precum cel financiar sau cel alimentar. Pentru a fi motiva\u021bi s\u0103 raporteze, angaja\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 certitudinea c\u0103 legisla\u021bia, precum \u0219i cadrul institu\u021bional le ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie real\u0103 \u0219i imediat\u0103, c\u0103 exist\u0103 reguli clare \u0219i proceduri interne actualizate, c\u0103 pot apela la canale de raportare accesibile \u0219i c\u0103 exist\u0103 campanii de informare care s\u0103 le explice drepturile \u0219i procedura. La fel de important este ca autorit\u0103\u021bile s\u0103 prezinte exemple concrete de cazuri rezolvate \u0219i de persoane protejate. O istorie de succes conving\u0103toare este, de pild\u0103, aceea \u00een care un angajat semnaleaz\u0103 nereguli la o achizi\u021bie public\u0103, institu\u021bia \u00eei protejeaz\u0103 confiden\u021bialitatea \u0219i \u00eel ap\u0103r\u0103 de represalii, ancheta este rapid\u0103, contractul neconform este anulat sau corectat, prejudiciul recuperat, iar avertizorul \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 pozi\u021bia f\u0103r\u0103 consecin\u021be negative. Publicarea unor astfel de exemple, chiar cu protejarea datelor personale, ar multiplica \u00eencrederea \u0219i ar motiva mai multe persoane s\u0103 apeleze la acest mecanism\u201d, spune Lilia Ioni\u021b\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Protec\u021bia avertizorilor de integritate de la nivel \u201emediu\u201d la \u201e\u00eenalt\u201d<\/strong><\/h5>\n

La 8 iulie 2025, Re\u021beaua Anticorup\u021bie pentru Europa de Est \u0219i Asia Central\u0103 (ACN) a Organiza\u021biei pentru Cooperare \u0219i Dezvoltare Economic\u0103\u00a0(OECD) a publicat raportul de evaluare pentru Republica Moldova, \u00een care protec\u021bia avertizorilor de integritate este eviden\u021biat\u0103 drept cel mai mare progres: scorul a urcat de la nivel \u201emediu\u201d la \u201e\u00eenalt\u201d, cu +16,8 puncte fa\u021b\u0103 de 2023. Raportul subliniaz\u0103 rolul activ al Oficiului Avocatului Poporului \u0219i recunoa\u0219te existen\u021ba unui mecanism func\u021bional, chiar dac\u0103 institu\u021bia nu dispune de o unitate dedicat\u0103 exclusiv protec\u021biei avertizorilor.<\/p>\n

Victoria Borodin<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Acest articol a fost realizat de Asocia\u021bia Presei Independente (API) \u00een cadrul proiectului \u201eConsolidarea rolului avertizorilor de integritate \u00een combaterea corup\u021biei (EWAC)\u201d, finan\u021bat de Expertise France \u0219i implementat de Transparency International \u00een colaborare cu TI-Moldova, TI-Muntenegru \u0219i TI Macedonia de Nord. Opiniile exprimate \u00een acest articol apar\u021bin exclusiv autorului\/autorilor \u0219i nu reflect\u0103 \u00een mod necesar pozi\u021bia oficial\u0103 a finan\u021batorului sau a organiza\u021biilor partenere ale proiectului.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abona\u021bi-v\u0103 la noi pe re\u021bele sociale:\u00a0<\/b>Telegram<\/i><\/b><\/a>,\u00a0<\/b>YouTube<\/i><\/b><\/a>,\u00a0<\/b>Facebook<\/i><\/b><\/a>\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0<\/strong>Instagram<\/i><\/b><\/a>. Aici public\u0103m \u0219tiri pe scurt.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Republica Moldova a adoptat, \u00een 2018, un cadru legislativ dedicat avertizorilor de integritate, conceput pentru a le oferi angaja\u021bilor din sectorul public \u0219i privat posibilitatea de a raporta, \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103, corup\u021bia, abuzurile sau alte practici care pun \u00een pericol interesul public. De\u0219i legea a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 ulterior, prin modific\u0103rile din 2023, bilan\u021bul celor \u0219apte ani […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":163038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[602,570],"tags":[14565,14564],"class_list":["post-163035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualitate","category-in-moldova","tag-avertizori-de-integritate","tag-integritate"],"yoast_head":"\nAvertizorii de integritate \u00een Republica Moldova: Progrese modeste dup\u0103 \u0219apte ani de aplicare a legii - BasTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Republica Moldova a adoptat, \u00een 2018, un cadru legislativ dedicat avertizorilor de integritate, conceput pentru a le oferi angaja\u021bilor din sectorul public \u0219i privat posibilitatea de a raporta, \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103, corup\u021bia, abuzurile sau alte practici care pun \u00een pericol interesul public. 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