{"id":71164,"date":"2022-12-12T20:00:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T18:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/?p=70346"},"modified":"2023-06-07T18:47:01","modified_gmt":"2023-06-07T15:47:01","slug":"dronele-viitorul-in-agricultura-moldoveneasca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/ro\/dronele-viitorul-in-agricultura-moldoveneasca\/","title":{"rendered":"Dronele \u2013 viitorul \u00een agricultura moldoveneasc\u0103?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dronele \u00een agricultur\u0103 p\u0103reau un lucru de domeniul fantasticului \u00een trecut.\u00a0Ast\u0103zi, agricultorii pot renun\u021ba la tractoare \u0219i, cu ajutorul telefonului \u0219i dronelor, pot s\u0103-\u0219i u\u0219ureze munca, s\u0103-\u0219i salveze cultura \u0219i s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 bani, dar \u0219i s\u0103 scape de problema lipsei bra\u021belor de munc\u0103.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Drone \u00een loc de tractoare<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Boris Podlesn\u00eei de la Sta\u021biunea Didactic\u0103 experimental\u0103 Chetrosu are \u00een gestiune peste dou\u0103 mii de hectare de teren, pe care cre\u0219te cereale. A auzit de la colegii agricultori c\u0103 poate folosi dronele \u00een loc de tractoare pentru distribu\u021bia diferitor substan\u021be. A\u0219a c\u0103 a \u00eencercat aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 pe 100 de hectare de rapi\u021b\u0103 \u00een vara 2022.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pentru agricultor, era clar c\u0103 planta deja crescuse prea mare pentru a b\u0103ga tractorul \u00een c\u00e2mp. Era nevoie s\u0103 o stropeasc\u0103 cu insecticide \u0219i fungicide (substan\u021be chimice care lupt\u0103 cu bolile parazitare ale plantelor cauzate de ciuperci microscopice precum mucegaiul \u0219i altele). \u201ePur \u0219i simplu o distrugeam\u201d, explic\u0103 agricultorul. Dar dac\u0103 nu o stropea, risca s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 70-80% din road\u0103, pentru c\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103torii se \u00eenmul\u021beau repede \u0219i afectau rapi\u021ba.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pentru prima dat\u0103 a decis s\u0103 apeleze la serviciile unei companii care presteaz\u0103 asemenea servicii. A \u00eencheiat un contract cu firma, care a f\u0103cut m\u0103sur\u0103rile \u0219i a creat planul lucr\u0103rilor. \u201eEi au \u00eenceput ziua \u0219i au terminat noaptea\u201d, poveste\u0219te agricultorul. \u201eB\u0103ie\u021bii au lucrat atent. Principiul de lucru era clar. Au f\u0103cut un plan geometric, au acoperit toat\u0103 zona. Au luat dintr-un cap\u0103t \u0219i au stropit fiecare m\u0103run\u021bi\u0219. Au mers \u0219i peste cele mai slabe plante. Au acoperit tot. Nu era nici v\u00e2nt, era un moment bun de lucrat\u201d, \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Boris.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Agricultorul s-a convins c\u0103 dronele, \u00een compara\u021bie cu stropitoarele clasice, economisesc o cantitate important\u0103 de ap\u0103. Cu stropitoarele folosea \u00een jur de 200-300 de litri per hectar, \u00een schimb cu dronele a utilizat \u00eentre 10 \u0219i 20 de litri per hectar, \u00een func\u021bie de volumul lor.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNe d\u0103m seama c\u0103 dac\u0103 transportam apa la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 10 km, cheltuiam motorina\u201d, explic\u0103 agricultorul care a economisit 150 de litri de motorin\u0103. Anul acesta a fost o decizie bun\u0103, pentru c\u0103 \u0219i pre\u021bul la motorin\u0103 a crescut considerabil (18 lei \u2013 5 octombrie 2021; 25.52 lei \u00een 6 octombrie 2022).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eCu tractoarele era s\u0103 cheltuim mai mult\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePrelucrarea unui hectar cu drona cost\u0103 216 lei. Cu tractoarele era s\u0103 cheltuim mult mai mult.\u201d Dac\u0103 ar face un calcul aproximativ, \u00een total, a economisit aproape 15% din costurile pentru acelea\u0219i lucr\u0103ri cu tractorul.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Agricultorul zice c\u0103 nu poate folosi erbicide cu ajutorul dronelor, din cauza unei experien\u021be proaste din trecut. \u201e\u00cen preajm\u0103 sunt diferi\u021bi agen\u021bi economici \u0219i am putea distruge planta\u021biile lor\u201d, explic\u0103 Podlesn\u00eei. \u00centr-un an a stropit terenurile cu erbicide cu ajutorul avioanelor. Dar substan\u021ba a ajuns pe un teren al\u0103turat cu vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie, care a fost afectat\u0103 grav de substan\u021be. Cazul a ajuns \u00een instan\u021ba de judecat\u0103 \u0219i, poveste\u0219te agricultorul, a fost nevoit s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 trei milioane de lei pentru daunele provocate. Tot atunci a descoperit c\u0103 stropirea cu avioanele trebuia autorizat\u0103 de mai multe institu\u021bii de stat.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u0103rbatul remarc\u0103 \u0219i faptul c\u0103 nu mai este nevoie s\u0103 ai trei oameni care s\u0103 vin\u0103 la stropit: unul care conduce stropitoarea, unul care transport\u0103 apa \u0219i al treilea care e responsabil de substan\u021bele chimice. E suficient un om care s\u0103 poat\u0103 opera drona.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Printre dezavantaje, Boris Podlesn\u00eei enumer\u0103 pre\u021bul. Iar dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 \u00eenchiriezi o dron\u0103, uneori s-ar putea s\u0103 fie nevoie s\u0103 a\u0219tep\u021bi, \u00eentruc\u00e2t compania ar putea avea \u0219i alte lucr\u0103ri. \u201ePlou\u0103, nu plou\u0103, e v\u00e2nt sau nu, e \u00eenflorit, trebuie s\u0103 dai c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd cu substan\u021be. Pentru c\u0103 sunt d\u0103un\u0103tori care trec din faz\u0103 \u00een faz\u0103 \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 ac\u021bionezi c\u00e2t mai rapid ca s\u0103 nu distrug\u0103 planta, florile, dezvoltarea frunzelor\u201d, explic\u0103 Podlesn\u00eei.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Din arhiva personal\u0103 a agricultorului<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/figure>\n

Poate lucra \u0219i noaptea<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Fermierul Maxim Vrabie din Criuleni face\u00a0agricultur\u0103<\/a>\u00a0de cinci ani. Acesta gestioneaz\u0103 un teren de circa 1.500 de ha pe care cre\u0219te gr\u00e2u, orz, porumb, dar \u0219i rapi\u021b\u0103, floarea-soarelui. A folosit pentru prima dat\u0103 dronele \u00een 2020. Pentru el, dronele au fost foarte utile pentru pulverizarea erbicidului \u0219i insecticidului pe c\u00e2mpurile de rapi\u021b\u0103. Agricultorul de la Criuleni utilizeaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i cantitate de insecticid, fie cu tractorul, fie cu drona.\u00a0Diferen\u021ba este \u00een concentra\u021bia de substan\u021b\u0103 care ajunge pe plant\u0103 \u2013 cu dronele asta este mai puternic\u0103, pentru c\u0103 se folose\u0219te mai pu\u021bin\u0103 ap\u0103.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDatorit\u0103 dronei putem lucra \u00een perioada imediat\u0103 de dup\u0103 ploi, atunci c\u00e2nd c\u00e2mpul este \u00een glod \u0219i nu permite interven\u021bia altei tehnici. A\u0219a economisim din timp, or cu stropitoarea trebuie s\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103m p\u00e2n\u0103 se usuc\u0103 glodul. Mai mult, drona poate lucra \u0219i noaptea\u201d, spune agricultorul. C\u00e2t despre investi\u021biile \u00een drone, agricultorul spune c\u0103 pentru un agricultor mai mic ar putea fi un efort prea mare. \u201ePentru fermierii mari, ar fi o idee achizi\u021bionarea dronelor\u201d, explic\u0103 Maxim Vrabie.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mai pu\u021bine pesticide?<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Simion Vornic din Basarabeasca face agricultur\u0103 de 32 de ani. Produce gr\u00e2u, orz, sorg, maz\u0103re, floarea-soarelui \u0219i struguri.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Deja de trei ani zboar\u0103 dronele pe c\u00e2mpurile pe care le gestioneaz\u0103 \u00een Ba\u0219calia, Basarabeasca \u0219i \u00een G\u0103g\u0103uzia. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 economiile la motorin\u0103, agricultorul a remarcat c\u0103 a folosit mai pu\u021bine pesticide dec\u00e2t cu tractorul. \u201ePutem economisi 30% de pesticide, care devin din ce \u00een ce mai scumpe\u201d, explic\u0103 agricultorul. \u201eExist\u0103 ma\u0219ini moderne care lucreaz\u0103 \u0219i mai repede. Avantajul fa\u021b\u0103 de tractoare aici este c\u0103 po\u021bi lucra pe orice vreme.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Dron\u0103 de capacitate mare. Foto: Irina Soltan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Totul este setat automat<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Vitalie Secar\u0103 este administratorul primei companii din Moldova care a primit permis pentru zboruri \u00een scop agricol. A \u00eenceput activitatea \u00een 2020, \u00eens\u0103 ideea a venit mai devreme, c\u00e2nd c\u0103uta solu\u021bii pentru nucul de acas\u0103, care \u00eencepuse s\u0103 fie afectat de d\u0103un\u0103tori. Vitalie s-a \u00eentrebat cum poate stropi copacul de la \u00een\u0103l\u021bime \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 caute r\u0103spunsuri pe internet.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Vitalie Secar\u0103, managerul companiei \u201eDron Assistance S.R.L.\u201d Foto: Irina Soltan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ast\u0103zi are \u00een dotare 12 drone de capacit\u0103\u021bi diferite. Vitalie explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 dronele pot s\u0103 stropeasc\u0103 c\u00e2mpurile dup\u0103 ploi, pe pante \u00eenclinate, pot lucra \u0219i noaptea. \u201eSunt programate s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 comanda. \u00cen\u0103l\u021bimea, l\u0103\u021bimea \u0219i suprafa\u021ba pe care trebuie s\u0103 o stropeasc\u0103 sunt setate automat\u201d, explic\u0103 Secar\u0103.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Potrivit lui Secar\u0103, unul dintre cele mai importante aspecte \u00een activitatea dronelor este c\u0103 acestea stropesc foarte m\u0103runt. \u201ePic\u0103turile mici formeaz\u0103 un fel de nor, iar asta permite ca pesticidele s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 mai bine \u00een plant\u0103. Nu se formeaz\u0103 pic\u0103turi mari pe frunze a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la stropirea tradi\u021bional\u0103\u201d, spune administratorul companiei.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pre\u021bul unei drone care strope\u0219te cu un volum de 30 de litri ajunge la 20 de mii de euro. O dron\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u2013 5 litri \u2013 cost\u0103 \u00een jur de cinci mii de euro. Pentru unii agricultori, pre\u021bul acesta este destul de ridicat, ceea ce ar putea s\u0103-i \u00eempiedice s\u0103 recurg\u0103 la aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie. Totu\u0219i, ar putea s\u0103 beneficieze de servicii de stropire cu dronele de la companii, a\u0219a cum este cea a lui Secar\u0103. Pre\u021bul pentru chiria lor variaz\u0103 de la 180 lei p\u00e2n\u0103 la 500 de lei pentru prelucrarea unui hectar.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Autoriza\u021bie pentru zboruri<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"Totu\u0219i, agricultorii care decid s\u0103-\u0219i cumpere o dron\u0103 pentru stropire, trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u0103 nu pot, pur \u0219i simplu, s\u0103 o ridice \u00een aer \u0219i s\u0103 stropeasc\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd au nevoie. De fapt, este necesar\u0103 o autoriza\u021bie de la Autoritatea Aeronautic\u0103 Civil\u0103. Pentru a ob\u021bine, trebuie s\u0103 ai \u0219i urm\u0103toarele acte:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 1. avizul Ministerului Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Republicii Moldova<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 2. avizul Serviciului de Informa\u021bii \u0219i Securitate<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 3. o poli\u021b\u0103 de asigurare de r\u0103spundere fa\u021b\u0103 de ter\u021be persoane.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Potrivit inspectorului superior Anton Danici, \u00een cadrul Direc\u021biei Opera\u021biuni Zbor, Autoritatea Aeronautic\u0103 Civil\u0103, este nevoie de poli\u021b\u0103 de asigurare \u00een situa\u021bii de accidente. \u201eDac\u0103 cumva prin activitatea agricultorului \u0219i drona cauzeaz\u0103 prejudicii ter\u021belor persoane, de exemplu dac\u0103 se izbe\u0219te de casa, automobilul cuiva, atunci poli\u021ba de asigurare acoper\u0103 repara\u021bia\u201d, explic\u0103 specialistul. Este nevoie de avizul Ministerul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii, pentru c\u0103 spa\u021biul aerian na\u021bional este \u00een totalitate subordonat acestuia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce a ob\u021binut autoriza\u021bia, o copie ajunge la \u00centreprinderea de Stat pentru Utilizarea Spa\u021biului Aerian \u0219i Deservirea Traficului Aerian MOLDATSA. Respectiv, pilotul care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 conduc\u0103 drona\u00a0\u00een aceea\u0219i zi face leg\u0103tura cu MOLDATSA \u0219i anun\u021b\u0103 despre zbor. \u201e\u00cen ziua c\u00e2nd se execut\u0103 zborul, itinerarul acestui pilot la distan\u021b\u0103 este activat. To\u021bi utilizatorii de spa\u021biu aerian, din avia\u021bia general\u0103, sunt notifica\u021bi ca s\u0103 nu se produc\u0103 conflicte aeriene\u201d, explic\u0103 inspectorul.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

De asemenea, exist\u0103 \u0219i ni\u0219te reguli de zbor. \u00cen\u0103l\u021bimea maxim\u0103 admis\u0103 pentru aeronavele mici de filmare aerian\u0103 (dronele care filmeaz\u0103) este de 120 de metri. Pentru aeronavele care pulverizeaz\u0103 \u00een agricultur\u0103, \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea maxim\u0103 admis\u0103 este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 de metri.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Dron\u0103 de capacitate mic\u0103 care scaneaz\u0103 \u0219i efectueaz\u0103 o hart\u0103 a terenului. Foto: Irina Soltan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201eDronele sunt viitorul\u201d<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Viorel Chivriga, expert economic \u00een cadrul IDIS \u201eViitorul\u201d spune c\u0103 agricultura din Moldova \u00eenc\u0103 folose\u0219te instrumentare vechi, iar asta prezint\u0103 riscuri mari.<\/span><\/p>\n

„\u00cen agricultur\u0103 este important\u0103 fiecare clip\u0103. Ai pierdut timpul, ai pierdut roada \u0219i ai pierdut banii.”, – Viorel Chivriga, <\/span><\/em>expert economic.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Potrivit lui Chivriga, tehnologiile noi, a\u0219a cum sunt dronele, ajut\u0103 agricultorii s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 \u0219i rezolv\u0103 mai multe probleme mari. Printre ele se num\u0103r\u0103 reducerea costurilor de producere, dar \u0219i problema legat\u0103 de lipsa bra\u021belor de munc\u0103 \u00een satele Moldovei.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen afar\u0103 de posibilitatea prelucr\u0103rii terenurilor, dronele sunt folosite \u0219i la monitorizarea st\u0103rii plantelor. \u201ePo\u021bi vedea consumul plantelor de substan\u021be nutritive. Se vede pe partea vegetal\u0103 a plantei\u201d, explic\u0103 Chivriga. Acesta spune c\u0103 nu e nevoie ca fiecare agricultor s\u0103-\u0219i cumpere drone. \u201eDac\u0103 \u00een localitate va exista un antreprenor cu dron\u0103 pentru monitorizarea culturilor agricole \u0219i una pentru prelucrare, el ar putea oferi servicii nu doar pentru cei din localitate, dar \u0219i pentru vecini sau pentru raion.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, nu se \u0219tie c\u00e2\u021bi agricultori din Republica Moldova folosesc dronele \u00een agricultur\u0103. Potrivit reprezentantului Autorit\u0103\u021bii Aeronautice, au fost emise \u00een jur de 30 de autoriza\u021bii pentru zboruri \u00een agricultur\u0103, pentru anul 2022. Totu\u0219i, asemenea lui Vitalie Secar\u0103, un om care are autoriza\u021bie de zbor poate presta servicii mai multor agricultori. De exemplu, \u00een 2021 Vitalie Secar\u0103 a prestat servicii de stropire \u00een agricultur\u0103 la 62 de agricultori.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDronele sunt viitorul agriculturii \u0219i nu numai. Este o descoperire tehnologic\u0103 \u00een economia noastr\u0103\u201d, spune Viorel Chivriga, de la IDIS \u201eViitorul\u201d. Potrivit expertului, cei care folosesc dronele sunt tinerii, iar acesta ar fi un semn c\u0103 apar noi genera\u021bii de fermieri. \u201eMoldova are nevoie de astfel de tineri profesioni\u0219ti pentru a schimba agricultura.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Autori:<\/b><\/p>\n

Irina Soltan, AGORA<\/b><\/p>\n

Georgeta Carasiucenco, Moldova.org<\/b><\/p>\n

Iuliana Volcova, BAS TV<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dronele \u00een agricultur\u0103 p\u0103reau un lucru de domeniul fantasticului \u00een trecut.\u00a0Ast\u0103zi, agricultorii pot renun\u021ba la tractoare \u0219i, cu ajutorul telefonului \u0219i dronelor, pot s\u0103-\u0219i u\u0219ureze munca, s\u0103-\u0219i salveze cultura \u0219i s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 bani, dar \u0219i s\u0103 scape de problema lipsei bra\u021belor de munc\u0103.\u00a0 Drone \u00een loc de tractoare\u00a0 Boris Podlesn\u00eei de la Sta\u021biunea Didactic\u0103 experimental\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":70348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[265,570,198],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-important","category-in-moldova","category-social"],"yoast_head":"\nDronele \u2013 viitorul \u00een agricultura moldoveneasc\u0103? - BasTV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dronele \u00een agricultur\u0103 p\u0103reau un lucru de domeniul fantasticului \u00een trecut.\u00a0Ast\u0103zi, agricultorii pot renun\u021ba la tractoare \u0219i, cu ajutorul telefonului \u0219i dronelor, pot s\u0103-\u0219i u\u0219ureze munca, s\u0103-\u0219i salveze cultura \u0219i s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 bani, dar \u0219i s\u0103 scape de problema lipsei bra\u021belor de munc\u0103.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bas-tv.md\/ro\/dronele-viitorul-in-agricultura-moldoveneasca\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dronele \u2013 viitorul \u00een agricultura moldoveneasc\u0103? 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